Induction motor rotor core having shaped slots

ABSTRACT

To provide an indication motor rotor capable of improving motor performance by concentrating portions under magnetic saturation conditions of rotor teeth. The rotor  1  of an induction motor of this invention may include slots  3  formed approximately in the shape of a T. The slots  3  may be formed so that top slots  3   a  are arranged on an outer peripheral portion of a rotor core  1   a , and bottom slots  3   b  are arranged on an inner side of the top slots  3   a . The width in the circumferential direction of the top slot  3   a  is wider than the width in the circumferential direction of the bottom slot  3   b , and the width in the circumferential direction of a rotor tooth  4  between adjacent top slots  3   a  is narrower than the width in the circumferential direction of the rotor tooth  4  between adjacent bottom slots  3   b.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an induction motor rotor, and moreparticularly to the shape of slots of the induction motor rotor. Thepresent invention further relates to an induction motor using theinduction motor rotor, a compressor and a fan that are equipped with theinduction motor, and an air conditioner that is equipped with thecompressor and the fan.

BACKGROUND ART

Various shapes of induction motor rotor have been proposed by the use ofdouble squirrel-cage shapes or the like for the purpose of improvinglocked-rotor torque, breakdown torque, and efficiency.

As an example, a rotor for a rotating electrical machine having a doublesquirrel-cage rotor core has been proposed (see e.g., Patent Document1). The double squirrel-cage rotor core is formed to have intermediatebars fitted in slit portions that connect outside slots and insideslots. The intermediate bars are narrow near the outside slots and widenear the inside slots.

-   Patent Document 1: Unexamined Japanese Utility Model Publication No.    SHO 62-68468

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention

The rotor described in Patent Document 1 is characterized by its doublesquirrel-cage shape and the shape of the intermediate bars designed toimprove motor performance. However, the rotor is formed to have the slitportions connecting the outside slots on the outer side of the rotor andthe inside slots on the inner side of the rotor. The slit portions causethe slots to extend towards the center of the rotor. The problem is thatslot spaces cannot be extended in a well balanced design where the widthof the rotor teeth (portions of the rotor core between slots) is fixedand thereby a constant density of magnetic flux of the rotor teeth ismaintained.

The present invention is directed to solving problems as describedabove. It is an object of the present invention to provide an indicationmotor rotor, an induction motor, a compressor, a fan, and an airconditioner, which are capable of enhancing motor performance byconcentrating portions of rotor teeth under magnetic flux saturation.

Means to Solve Problems

An induction motor rotor according to this invention may include a rotorcore with slots formed therein, and a squirrel-cage secondary conductorhaving a nonmagnetic and conductive material filled in each of the slotsof the rotor core. Each of the slots may be formed so that a width inthe circumferential direction of a rotor tooth between adjacent slots isnarrower on the outer peripheral side of the rotor core than on thecenter side of the rotor core.

An induction motor rotor according to this invention may include a rotorcore with slots formed therein, and a squirrel-cage secondary conductorhaving a nonmagnetic and conductive material filled in each of the slotsof the rotor core. Each of the slots may be formed approximately in theshape of a T, and include a top slot arranged at an outer peripheralportion of the rotor core and a bottom slot arranged on an inner side ofthe top slot. Each of the slots may be formed so that a width in thecircumferential direction of the top slot is wider than a width in thecircumferential direction of the bottom slot. Each of the slots may beformed so that a width in the circumferential direction of a rotor toothbetween adjacent top slots is narrower than a width in thecircumferential direction of the rotor tooth between adjacent bottomslots.

An induction motor rotor comprising according to this invention mayinclude a rotor core with slots formed therein, and a squirrel-cagesecondary conductor having a nonmagnetic and conductive material filledin each of the slots of the rotor core. Each of the slots may be formedapproximately in the shape of a T, and include a top slot arranged at anouter peripheral portion of the rotor core and a bottom slot arranged onan inner side of the top slot, Each of the slots may be formed so that awidth in the circumferential direction of the top slot is wider than awidth in the circumferential direction of the bottom slot. Each of theslots may be formed so that a width in the circumferential direction ofa rotor tooth between adjacent top slots is narrower than a width in thecircumferential direction of the rotor tooth between adjacent bottomslots. Each of the slots may be formed to include a leakage slot betweenthe top slot and the bottom slot. Each of the slots may be formed sothat a width in the circumferential direction of the rotor tooth betweenadjacent leakage slots is wider than the width in the circumferentialdirection of the rotor tooth between the adjacent top slots and widerthan the width in the circumferential direction of the adjacent bottomslots.

According to the induction motor rotor of this invention, A may bedefined as a width in the radial direction of the top slot, B may bedefined as a width in the radial direction of the bottom slot, andA<0.5B.

According to the induction motor rotor of this invention, A may bedefined as a width in the radial direction of the top slot, C may bedefined as the width in the circumferential direction of the top slot,and A<0.5C.

According to the induction motor rotor of this invention, the rotor coremay be formed to layer electromagnetic steel sheets. A width in theradial direction of the leakage slot may be substantially equal to thethickness of an electromagnetic steel sheet.

An induction motor rotor according to this invention may include a rotorcore with slots formed therein, and a squirrel-cage secondary conductorhaving a nonmagnetic and conductive material filled in each of the slotsof the rotor core. Each of the slots may be formed to include a topslot, a middle slot, and a bottom slot, each of which communicates withan adjacent layer slot. A relation among a width in the circumferentialdirection of the top slot, a width in the circumferential direction ofthe middle slot, and a width in the circumferential direction of thebottom slot may be defined as: width in the circumferential direction ofthe top slot>width in the circumferential direction of the middleslot>width in the circumferential direction of the bottom slot. Arelation among a width in the circumferential direction of the rotortooth between adjacent top slots, a width in the circumferentialdirection of the rotor tooth between adjacent middle slots, and a widthin the circumferential direction of the rotor tooth between adjacentbottom slots may be defined as: width in the circumferential directionof the rotor tooth between adjacent top slots<width in thecircumferential direction of the rotor tooth between adjacent middleslots<width in the circumferential direction of the rotor tooth betweenadjacent bottom slots.

According to the induction motor rotor, G may be defined as a width inthe radial direction of the top slot, H may be defined as a width in theradial direction of the middle slot, I may be defined as a width in theradial direction of the bottom slot, and G+H<0.5I.

The induction motor rotor according to this invention may furtherinclude a bridge between the top slot and the outer edge of the rotorcore. A width in the radial direction of the bridge may be approximatelyfixed.

An induction motor rotor according to this invention may include a rotorcore with slots formed therein, and a squirrel-cage secondary conductorhaving a nonmagnetic and conductive material filled in each of the slotsof the rotor core. Each of the slots may be formed approximately in theshape of a triangle so that a width in the circumferential direction ofa rotor tooth between adjacent slots increases towards the center of therotor core. A width in the radial direction of a bridge between the slotand the outer peripheral edge of the rotor core may be approximately ina fixed workable minimum size.

According to the induction motor rotor, the width in the circumferentialdirection of the top slot may be wider than a width in thecircumferential direction of an opening formed on an inner peripheralportion of a slot of a stator.

According to the induction motor rotor, the slot of the rotor core mayinclude an opening that opens to outside at the outer edge of the rotorcore.

An induction motor according to this invention may include the inductionmotor rotor described above.

A compressor according to this invention may include the induction motordescribed above.

A fan according to this invention may include the induction motordescribed above.

An air conditioner according to this invention may include thecompressor described above.

Effects

An induction motor rotor of this invention may enhance induction motorperformance by concentrating portions under magnetic saturationconditions by forming slots so that a width in the circumferentialdirection of a rotor tooth between adjacent slots on the outerperipheral side of a rotor core is narrower than a width in thecircumferential direction of the rotor tooth between adjacent slots onthe center side of the rotor core.

BEST MODE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION Embodiment 1

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are diagrams illustrating a conventional inductionmotor 100 for the purpose of comparison. FIG. 1 shows a cross section ofa rotor 1 (including a stator 2) of the induction motor 100. FIG. 2shows a perspective view of the rotor 1 where slots are filled with anonmagnetic and conductive material (e.g., aluminum, copper, etc.) bydie-casting or the like, end rings 7 are fitted at the end portions ofthe rotor 1.

The cross sectional view of the induction motor 100 of FIG. 1 includesomissions of the winding, etc. of the stator 2.

The stator 2 is formed like a ring with a plurality of slots 2 a andteeth 2 b between slots 2 a formed on the inner peripheral side. Theouter peripheral side of the stator 2 is a core back 2 c as a flux path.The rotor 1 is placed inside the stator 2 with an air-gap in between.

The configuration of a rotor core 1 a of the rotor 1 is now described.The rotor core 1 a is formed to include a plurality of slots 3 withrotor teeth 4 arranged between adjacent slots 3 on the outer peripheralside. A shaft hole 6 is provided at a center portion of the rotor core 1a to allow a drive shaft (not shown in the figures) to fit in. A portionof the rotor core between the slots 3 and the shaft hole 6 is called acore back.

In the rotor 1, aluminum or the like is cast in the slots 3 to form asquirrel-cage secondary conductor or a squirrel-cage winding. Thesquirrel-cage winding is formed so that a plurality of aluminum barsformed in the slots 3 is mutually short-circuited at each by means of anend ring 7 (see FIG. 2) at the both ends.

With the conventional rotor 1 of FIG. 1, the width in thecircumferential direction of the rotor teeth 4 formed between the slots3 arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor 1 is fixed.This allows the rotor teeth 4 to maintain a constant density of magneticflux, as a well balanced design. In this case, the shape of the slots 3has a width in the circumferential direction gradually reduced from theoutside towards the inside.

However, efficiency is increased by reducing secondary resistance (theresistance of the squirrel-cage secondary conductor of the rotor 1).Therefore, if the width in the circumferential direction of the slot 3is increased so as to extend the space of the slot 3, then the width inthe circumferential direction of the rotor tooth 4 is reduced. For thisreason, the magnetic saturation of the rotor teeth 4 causes the loweringeffect of secondary resistance to be reduced.

Another method for improving the efficiency uses the slots 3 in theshape of a double squirrel-cage. This method has the followingcharacteristics. As a general characteristic of an induction motor usinga double squirrel-cage rotor, slip frequency is high when the inductionmotor is started. Therefore, magnetic flux flows on the outer peripheralside of the rotor, and a secondary current flows exclusively through topslots with high resistance, thereby increasing locked-rotor torque.During a normal operation, slip frequency is low and therefore asecondary current flows through both top slots and bottom slots. Thisreduces secondary resistance and secondary copper loss, therebyenhancing efficiency.

However, the double squirrel-cage rotor is generally formed to includeleakage slots between top slots and bottom slots. Accordingly, slots areextended towards the center of the rotor. Therefore, it is difficult toapply a double squirrel-cage slot in the case where the slots cannot beextended towards the center of the rotor due to wind holes and a driveshaft.

FIG. 3 to FIG. 9 illustrate a first embodiment. FIG. 3 is an enlargedpartial top view of the slot 3 in the shape of a T of the rotor core 1a. FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial top view of the slot 3 in the shape ofa double squirrel-cage. FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial top view of therotor core 1 a illustrating an outer peripheral portion (including thestator 2). FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial top view of the slot 3 in theshape of a double squirrel-cage. FIG. 7 is an enlarged partial top viewof the slot 3 in the shape of a T of the rotor core 1 a, as a variantexample. FIG. 8 is an enlarged top view of the slot 3 in the shape of adouble squirrel-cage, as a variant example. FIG. 9 is an enlargedpartial top view of the slot 3 in the shape of a double squirrel-cagefor more detail.

FIG. 3 shows the slots 3 formed in the shape of a T. The slot 3 isformed to include a top slot 3 a and a bottom slot 3 b. The top slot 3 awith a wider width in the circumferential direction is arranged in anouter peripheral portion of the rotor core 1 a. The bottom slot 3 b witha narrower width in the circumferential direction is arranged on aninner side of the top slot 3 a (on the center side of the rotor core 1a). That is, the width in the circumferential direction of the bottomslot 3 b is narrower than the width in the circumferential direction ofthe top slot 3 a. The top slot 3 a and the bottom slot 3 b are directlyconnected.

With the slot 3 in the shape of a T, the width in the circumferentialdirection of the rotor teeth 4 between adjacent slots 3 is narrower atan outer peripheral portion than on the internal side of the rotor 1.More specifically, the width in the circumferential direction of therotor tooth 4 between adjacent top slots 3 a is narrower than the widthin the circumferential direction of the rotor tooth 4 between adjacentbottom slots 3 b. It should be noted that the width in thecircumferential direction of the rotor teeth 4 between adjacent topslots 3 a and the width in the circumferential direction of the rotorteeth 4 between adjacent bottom slots 3 b may be defined as a minimumtooth width between adjacent top slots 3 a and a minimum tooth widthbetween adjacent bottom slots 3 b, respectively.

Thus, the slot 3 in the shape of a T of FIG. 3 may be formed to reducethe width in the circumferential direction of one part of the rotortooth 4 (between adjacent top slots 3 a) and increase the width in thecircumferential direction of the other part of the rotor tooth 4(between adjacent bottom slots 3 b). This may help to concentrateportions under magnetic saturation conditions to one part of the rotortooth 4 (between adjacent top slots 3 a), and thereby reduce magneticsaturation at other parts of the rotor tooth 4 (between adjacent bottomslots 3 b).

If the entire rotor tooth 4 is under magnetic saturation conditions,then the total magnetic permeability of the rotor tooth 4 is reduced. Ifthe slot 3 is formed in the shape of a T, however, magnetic saturationconcentrates to one part of the rotor tooth 4 (between the top slots 3a). This may help to reduce the length (in the radial direction) of aportion of low magnetic permeability, and consequently improve theefficiency of motor performance.

FIG. 4 shows a possible example where the slots 3 are formed in theshape of a double squirrel-cage that connects the top slots 3 a and thebottom slots 3 b by leakage slots 3 c. The width in the circumferentialdirection of the rotor teeth 4 between adjacent leakage slots 3 c iswider than the width in the circumferential direction of the rotor teeth4 between adjacent top slots 3 a and wider than the width in the of therotor teeth 4 between adjacent bottom slots 3 b. It should be noted thatthe width in the circumferential direction of the rotor tooth 4 betweenadjacent leakage slots 3 c may be defined as a maximum tooth widthbetween adjacent leakage slots 3 c.

With reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the size of each part of the slot 3may be defined as follows:

A: a width in the radial direction of the top slot 3 a

B: a width in the radial direction of the bottom slot 3 b

C: a width in the circumferential direction of the top slot 3 a

P: a width in the radial direction of the leakage slot 3 c

L: a width in the radial direction of a bridge 8

A relation between A and B may be defined as follows.A<0.5B  (1)In this expression, the width in the radial direction of the rotor tooth4 between adjacent top slots 3 a (the width in the radial direction A ofthe top slot 3 a) to which magnetic saturation is concentrated isnarrower than ½ of the width in the radial direction of the rotor tooth4 between adjacent bottom slots (the width in the radial direction B ofthe bottom slot 3 b) where magnetic saturation is reduced. If A isgreater than ½ of B, then the length of a portion to which magneticsaturation is concentrated is increased, thereby thus resulting in anadverse effect on efficiency. For this reason, A may be less than ½ of Bso as to reduce the length of the portion to which magnetic saturationis concentrated. This may help to reduce the influence of the magneticsaturation of the rotor tooth 4 between top slots 3 a on motorperformance. Hence, the efficiency of motor performance may be improved.

A relation between A and C may be defined as follows.A<0.5C  (2)In this expression, the width in the circumferential direction C of thetop slot 3 a is more than twice the width in the radial direction A ofthe top slot 3 a. More specifically, the length in the circumferentialdirection of the bridge 8 at the outer peripheral portion of the rotorcore 1 a is more than twice the width in radial direction A of the outrélayer slot 3 a. Therefore, if the rotor tooth 4 between the top slots 3a is under magnetic saturation conditions, the bridge 8 is substantiallylonger than the rotor tooth between the top slots 3 a, because C is morethan twice A. This may prevent magnetic flux from leaking to the bridge8. Hence, magnetic flux may be used effectively.

The bridge 8 is formed thin so as to reduce the amount of magnetic fluxleakage at the outer peripheral portion of the rotor core 1 a. The widthin the radial direction L of the bridge 8 may be defined as a workableminimum size (in which an electromagnetic steel sheet is durable inpunching process). Generally, the workable minimum size allowing anelectromagnetic steel sheet to be processed in punching process issubstantially equal to the thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet.The thickness of an electromagnetic steel sheet is around 0.1 mm to 1.5mm. If the width in the radial direction L of the bridge 8 is fixed bythe workable minimum size, then the amount of magnetic flux leakage maybe reduced. Hence, magnetic flux may be used effectively.

FIG. 5 shows a case where the width in the circumferential direction Cof the top slot 3 a is wider than a width in the circumferentialdirection S of a slot opening of the slot 2 a of the stator 2. This mayhelp to reduce the amount of magnetic flux leakage (a portion ofmagnetic flux generated by the winding of the stator 2 that does notlink to the slots 3 of the rotor 1). Hence, magnetic flux may be usedeffectively.

If a fixed portion of the width in the radial direction L of the bridge8 is wider than the width in the circumferential direction S of the slotopening, then magnetic flux may be used further effectively.

The use of the leakage slot 3 c arranged between the top slot 3 a andthe bottom slot 3 b of FIG. 4 may allow the rotor to perform as a doublesquirrel-cage rotor. However, if the width in the radial direction P ofthe leakage slot 3 c is wider than appropriate, then the space of thebottom slot 3 b is reduced when the width in the radial direction of theslot 3 is fixed. Accordingly, the space of the slot 3 is reduced as awhole. This may result in increasing the secondary resistance of therotor 1. If the secondary resistance is increased, then the efficiencyof motor performance is reduced.

Therefore, it is preferable that the width in the radial direction P ofthe leakage slot 3 c is as narrow as possible. Generally, the workableminimum size of the width in the radial direction P of the leakage slot3 c is substantially equal to the thickness of an electromagnetic steelsheet (0.1 mm to 1.5 mm) forming the rotor core 1 a. The width in theradial direction P of the leakage slot 3 c may therefore be set to asize substantially equal to the thickness of the electromagnetic steelsheet. This may allow the rotor to perform as a double squirrel-cagerotor without increasing the secondary resistance of the rotor 1.

FIG. 6 shows an effective example where the slots 3 of the rotor core 1a are modified by adding slot openings. The slot 3 of FIG. 6 is formedto add an opening 3 d to the top slot 3 a extending towards theperipheral edge of the rotor core 1 a.

The additional opening 3 d to the slot 3 helps to reduce the amount ofmagnetic flux leakage (a portion of magnetic flux generated by thewinding of the stator core that does not link to the slots 3 of therotor 1). Therefore, magnetic flux may be used effectively. Hence, theefficiency of motor performance may be improved.

With reference to FIG. 3, FIG. 4, and FIG. 6, the top slots 3 a are inthe shape of a rectangle. FIG. 7 shows a case where the top slots 3 a isformed in the shape of an ellipse. FIG. 8 shows a case where the bottomslots 3 b have rounded corners in addition to the top slots 3 a in theshaped of an ellipse. These configurations may help a die to improvepunching performance, thereby enhancing productivity. It may bedifficult to fill the slots 3 at corners with a nonmagnetic andconductive material (e.g., aluminum, copper, etc.) if the top slots 3are rectangular in shape. The top slots 3 a in the shape of an ellipsewith rounded corners may help to enhance filling efficiency. This mayalso help to concentrate portions under magnetic saturation conditions,that is, the length in the radial direction of a portion of the rotortooth 4 under magnetic saturation conditions is reduced. Hence, theefficiency of motor performance may be improved.

FIG. 9 shows a case where the slot 3 is formed to satisfy θ1>θ2according to this embodiment, where θ1 denotes an angle formed by theboth side surfaces of the top slot 3 a and the center of the rotor core1 a, and θ2 denotes an angle formed by the sides of adjacent top slots 3a facing each other and the center of the rotor core 1 a. The bottomslots 3 b are formed within θ1, i.e., the angle formed by the top slot 3a.

The slots 3 thus formed may allow the induction motor 100 to have wellbalanced locked-rotor torque, breakdown torque (maximum torque) andoperation efficiency.

To increase locked-rotor torque, it is effective to increase secondaryresistance by reducing the area of cross section of the top slot 3 a.However, to increase efficiency during normal operation, it is necessaryto reduce secondary resistance by both the top slot 3 a and the bottomslot 3 b, and thereby reduce secondary copper loss.

To increase locked-rotor torque, it is preferable to reduce θ1 so as toreduce the area of cross section of the top slot 3 a. However, if thearea of cross section of the top slot 3 a is reduced, secondaryresistance during normal operation is increased. If the length of thebottom slot 3 b is increased towards the center of the rotor core 1 a,then the area of cross section of the bottom slot 3 b may be increased.However, the width of the slot 3 becomes narrower towards the center ofthe rotor core 1 a (if the width in the circumferential direction of therotor tooth 4 is fixed). In order to obtain a desired area of crosssection under this situation, the bottom slot 3 b may sometimes get tooclose to the rotary shaft. If the length of the bottom slot 3 b isincreased, then the length of the rotor tooth 4 with high magneticdensity in the rotor is increased. This may cause inefficiency.

Furthermore, since the width of the slot 3 is reduced towards the centerof the rotor core 1 a, it is difficult to fill the bottom slot 3 b withaluminum by die casting at a center portion of the rotor core 1 a.Consequently, secondary resistance cannot be reduced, resulting inpossible inefficiency of motor performance.

As another approach, a desired area of cross section of the slot 3 maybe obtained by increasing the width in the circumferential direction ofthe bottom slot 3 b. However, if the width in the circumferentialdirection of the bottom slot 3 b is increased, the tooth width (thewidth in the circumferential direction of the rotor tooth 4) as apassage of magnetic flux during normal operation is reduced. If thetooth width is reduced, then magnetic resistance is increased. This mayresult in increasing the amount of electric current required forobtaining torque during normal operation. This poses a problem ofinefficiency of motor performance.

As described earlier, the following effects may be observed according tothis embodiment.

-   (1) The slot 3 may be formed in the shape of a T. This may    concentrate magnetic saturation to one place of one part of the    rotor tooth 4 (between adjacent top slots 3 a). Therefore, the    length of a portion of low magnetic permeability is reduced, thereby    resulting in improving the efficiency of motor performance.-   (2) The same effect may be observed by forming the slot 3 in the    shape of a double squirrel-cage where the top slot 3 a and the    bottom slot 3 b are connected by the leakage slot 3 c.-   (3) A relation between the width in the radial direction A of the    top slot 3 a and the width in the radial direction B of the bottom    slot 3 b may be defined by A<0.5B. This may help to reduce the    influence of magnetic saturation of the rotor teeth 4 between    adjacent top slots 3 a on motor performance.-   (4) A relation between the width in the radial direction A of the    top slot 3 a and the width in the circumferential direction C of the    top slot 3 a may be defined by A<0.5C. This may help to prevent    magnetic flux from leaking to the bridge 8 if the rotor tooth 4    between adjacent top slots 3 a are under magnetic saturation    conditions. Hence, magnetic flux may be used effectively.-   (5) The width in the radial direction L of the bridge 8 may be fixed    with the workable minimum size (around 0.1 mm-1.5 mm equal to the    thickness of an electromagnetic steel sheet). This may help to    reduce the amount of magnetic flux leakage. Hence, magnetic flux may    be used effectively.-   (6) The width in the circumferential direction C of the top slot 3 a    may be wider than the width in the circumferential direction S of    the slot opening of the slot 2 a of the stator 2. This may help to    reduce the amount of magnetic flux leakage (a portion of magnetic    flux generated by the winding of the stator 2 that does not link to    the slot 3 of the rotor 1). This may contribute to an effective use    of magnetic flux.-   (7) Portions having the fixed width in the radial direction L of the    bridge 8 may be wider than the width in the circumferential    direction S of the slot opening. This may contribute to a further    effective use of magnetic flux.-   (8) The width in the radial direction P of the leakage slot 3 c may    be substantially equal to the thickness of an electromagnetic steel    sheet. This may help to allow the rotor 1 to perform as a double    squirrel-cage rotor without increasing secondary resistance.-   (9) The slot 3 may be formed to include the opening 3 d. This may    help to reduce the amount of magnetic flux leakage (a portion of    magnetic flux generated by the winding of the stator 2 that does not    link to the slot 3 of the rotor 1), and therefore contribute to an    effective use of magnetic flux. Hence, the efficiency of motor    performance may be improved.-   (10) The slot 3 of FIG. 7 includes the top slot 3 a in the shape of    an ellipse. The slot 3 of FIG. 8 modifies the slot 3 of FIG. 7 by    making the bottom slot 3 b rounded at the corners on the outer    peripheral side. This may improve the punching performance of a die,    thereby enhancing productivity. In addition to that, filling    efficiency may also be improved without angular corners when the    slots 3 are filled with a nonmagnetic and conductive material. This    may also help to concentrate portions under magnetic saturation    conditions. Hence, the efficiency of motor performance may be    improved.-   (11) The rotor core 1 a may be formed to satisfy θ1>θ2 where θ1    denotes the angle formed by the both side surfaces of the top slot 3    a and the center of the rotor core 1 a, and θ2 denotes the angle    formed by the side surfaces of adjacent top slots 3 a facing each    other and the center of the rotor core 1 a. This may allow the    induction motor 100 to obtain well balanced locked-rotor torque,    breakdown torque (maximum torque) and operation efficiency.

Embodiment 2

FIG. 10 to FIG. 13 illustrate a second embodiment. FIG. 10 is anenlarged partial top view of the slot 3 of the rotor core 1 a, includinga top slot, a middle slot, and a bottom slot. FIG. 11 is an enlargedpartial top view of the rotor core 1 a illustrating an outer peripheralportion (including the stator 2). FIG. 12 is an enlarged partial topview of the slot 3 of the rotor core 1 a, including a top slot, a middleslot and a bottom slot, as a variant example. FIG. 13 is an enlargedpartial top view of the slot 3 of the rotor core 1 a, including a topslot, a middle slot and a bottom slot, as another variant example.

FIG. 10 shows the slots 3 of the rotor core 1 a that include the topslots 3 a, middle slots 3 e, and the bottom slots 3 b. The slots arejoined together. A relation among the width in the circumferentialdirection of the top slot 3 a, the width in the circumferentialdirection of the middle slot 3 e, and the width in the circumferentialdirection of the bottom slot 3 b may be as follows: width in thecircumferential direction of the top slot 3 a>width in thecircumferential direction of the middle slot 3 e>width in thecircumferential direction of the bottom slot 3 b. A relation among thewidth in the circumferential direction of the rotor tooth 4 betweenadjacent top slots 3 a, the width in the circumferential direction ofthe rotor tooth 4 between adjacent middle slots 3 e, and the width inthe circumferential direction of the rotor tooth 4 between adjacentbottom slots 3 b may be as follows: width in the circumferentialdirection of the rotor tooth 4 between adjacent top slots 3 a<width inthe circumferential direction of the rotor tooth 4 between adjacentmiddle slots 3 e<width in the circumferential direction of the rotortooth 4 between adjacent bottom slots 3 b. It should be noted that thewidths in the circumferential direction of the rotor tooth 4 betweenadjacent top slots 3 a, between adjacent middle slots 3 e, and betweenadjacent bottom slots 3 b may be defined as minimum tooth widths betweenthe respective layer slots.

Therefore, the rotor tooth 4 is formed to have a narrower width in thecircumferential direction on the outer peripheral side than on the innerperipheral side.

As described in the first embodiment, the width in the circumferentialdirection of a part of the rotor tooth 4 may be reduced, and the widthin the circumferential direction of the other part of the rotor tooth 4may be increased. This may help to concentrate portions under magneticsaturation conditions, and thereby reduce magnetic saturation on theother part of the rotor tooth 4. This may prevent the entire rotor teeth4 from magnetic saturation. Magnetic saturation may be concentrated onlyon a part of the rotor tooth 4. Therefore, the length of a portion oflow magnetic permeability may be reduced, thereby thus improving theefficiency of motor performance. The rotor teeth 4 may also be formed tohave three layers as shown in FIG. 10. This may further distributemagnetic saturation, thereby also improving the efficiency of motorperformance.

The size of each portion of the slot of FIG. 10 may be defined asfollows:

G: a width in the radial direction of the top slot 3 a

H: a width in the radial direction of the middle slot 3 e

I: a width in the radial direction of the bottom slot 3 b

D: a width in the circumferential direction of the top slot 3 a

L: a distance between the top slot 3 a and the outer peripheral edge ofthe rotor core 1 a

A relation among G, H, and I may be defined as follows.G+H<0.5I  (3)That is, the sum of the width in the radial direction of the rotor tooth4 between adjacent top slots 3 a where magnetic saturation isconcentrated (the width in the radial direction G of the top slot 3 a)and the width in the radial direction of the rotor tooth 4 betweenadjacent middle slots 3 e (the width in the radial direction H of themiddle slot 3 e) is narrower than ½ the width in the radial direction ofthe rotor tooth 4 between adjacent bottom slots 3 b where magneticsaturation is concentrated (the width in the radial direction I of thebottom slot 3 b). Consequently, the influence of magnetic saturation onthe rotor teeth 4 between adjacent top slots 3 a and between adjacentmiddle slots 3 e may be reduced on motor performance, as described inthe first embodiment.

A relation between G+H and D may be defined as follows.G+H<0.5D  (4)That is, the width in the circumferential direction D of the top slot 3a is more than twice the sum of the width in the radial direction G ofthe top slot 3 a and the width in the radial direction H of the middleslot 3 e. More specifically, the length in the circumferential directionof the bridge 8 at the outer peripheral portion of the rotor core 1 a ismore than twice the sum of the width in the radial direction G of thetop slot 3 a and the width in the radial direction H of the middle slot3 e. This may prevent magnetic flux from leaking to the bridge 8 if therotor tooth 4 between adjacent top slots 3 a and between adjacent middleslots 3 e is under magnetic saturation conditions, as discussed in thefirst embodiment. Hence, magnetic flux may be used effectively.

Like the first embodiment, the bridge 8 is formed thin so as to reducethe amount of magnetic flux leakage to the outer peripheral portion ofthe rotor core 1 a. The width in the radial direction L of the bridge 8is defined as the workable minimum size (in which an electromagneticsteel sheet is durable in punching process). Generally, the workableminimum size in which an electromagnetic steel sheet is durable inpunching process is substantially equal to the thickness of anelectromagnetic steel sheet. An electromagnetic steel sheet is around0.1 mm to 1.5 mm in thickness. If the width in the radial direction L ofthe bridge 8 is fixed with the workable minimum size, then the amount ofmagnetic flux leakage may be reduced. This may contribute to aneffective use of magnetic flux.

FIG. 11 shows a case where the width in the circumferential direction Dof the top slot 3 a is wider than the width in the circumferentialdirection S of the slot opening of the slot 2 a of the stator 2. Thismay help to reduce the amount of magnetic flux leakage (a portion ofmagnetic flux generated by the winding of the stator 2 that does notlink to the slot 3 of the rotor 1). Hence, magnetic flux may be usedeffectively.

A portion having the fixed width in the radial direction L of the bridge8 may be wider than the width in the circumferential direction S of theslot opening. This may contribute to a further effective use of magneticflux.

FIG. 12 shows a case where the slots 3 of the rotor core 1 a aremodified to become open slots, which is also effective. The slot 3 isformed to include the opening 3 d extending from the top slot 3 athrough the outer edge of the rotor core 1 a.

The opening 3 d added to the slot 3 may help to reduce the amount ofmagnetic flux leakage (a portion of magnetic flux generated by thewinding of the stator 2 that does not link to the slot 3 of the rotor1). This may contribute to an effective use of magnetic flux. Hence, theefficiency of motor performance may be improved.

FIG. 13 shows a case where the top slot 3 a and the middle slot 3 e areformed in the shape of an ellipse while those of FIG. 10 to FIG. 12 arein the shape of a rectangle. The top slot 3 a and the middle slot 3 e ofFIG. 13 may improve the punching performance of a die, and therebyenhance productivity. Furthermore, the top slots 3 a and the middleslots 3 e of a rectangular shape may cause a difficulty in filling theslots 3 with a nonmagnetic and conductive material (e.g., aluminum,copper, etc.) at angular corners. The top slot 3 a and the middle slot 3e in the shape of an ellipse may help to improve filling efficiencywithout angular corners. Additionally, portions under magneticsaturation conditions may be more concentrated (i.e., the length in theradial direction of a portion of the rotor tooth 4 under magneticsaturation conditions is reduced). This may more improve the efficiencyof motor performance.

As described earlier, the following effects may be observed according tothis embodiment.

-   (1) The slot 3 may be formed to include the top slot 3 a, the middle    slot 3 e and the bottom slot 3 b, each of which is connected with an    adjacent layer slot, and satisfy the following relation: width in    the circumferential direction of the top slot 3 a>width in the    circumferential direction of the middle slot 3 e>width in the    circumferential direction of the bottom slot 3 b. The slot 3 may    also be formed to satisfy the following relation: width in the    circumferential direction of the rotor tooth 4 between adjacent top    slots 3 a<width in the circumferential direction of the rotor tooth    4 between adjacent middle slots 3 e<width in the circumferential    direction of the rotor tooth 4 between adjacent bottom slots 3 b. If    the slot 3 is thus formed, then magnetic saturation may be    concentrated to one part of the rotor tooth 4 (between adjacent top    slots 3 a and between adjacent middle slots 3 e). This may help to    reduce the length of a portion of low magnetic permeability. Hence,    the efficiency of motor performance may be improved.-   (2) The relation between the width in the radial direction I of the    bottom slot 3 b and the sum of the width in the radial direction G    of the top slot 3 a and the width in the radial direction H of the    middle slot 3 e may be defined as G+H<0.5I. This may help to reduce    the influence of magnetic saturation of the rotor teeth 4 between    adjacent top slots 3 a and between adjacent middle slots 3 e on    motor performance.-   (3) The relation between the width in the circumferential direction    D of the top slot 3 a and the sum of the width in the radial    direction G of the top slot 3 a and the width in the radial    direction H of the middle slot 3 e may be defined as G+H<0.5D. This    may prevent magnetic flux from leaking to the bridge 8 if the rotor    teeth 4 are under magnetic saturation conditions between adjacent    top slots 3 a and between adjacent middle slots 3 e. Hence, magnetic    flux may be used effectively.-   (4) The width in the radial direction L of the bridge 8 may be fixed    with the workable minimum size (around 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm equal to the    thickness of an electromagnetic steel sheet). This may help to    reduce the amount of magnetic flux leakage. Hence, magnetic flux may    be used effectively.-   (5) The width in the circumferential direction D of the top slot 3 a    may be wider than the width in the circumferential direction S of    the slot opening of the slot 2 a of the stator 2. This may help to    reduce the amount of magnetic flux leakage (a portion of magnetic    flux generated by the winding of the stator 2 that does not link to    the slot 3 of the rotor 1). Hence, magnetic flux may be used    effectively.-   (6) The portion having the fixed width in the radial direction L of    the bridge 8 may be wider than the width in the circumferential    direction S of the slot opening. This may contribute to a further    effective use of magnetic flux.-   (7) The slot 3 may be formed to include the opening 3 d. This may    help to reduce the amount of magnetic flux leakage (a portion of    magnetic flux generated by the winding of the stator 2 that does not    link to the slot 3 of the rotor 1). This may contribute to an    effective use of magnetic flux. Hence, the efficiency of motor    performance may be improved.-   (8) The top slot 3 a and the middle slot 3 e may be formed in the    shape of an ellipse. This may help to improve the punching    performance of a die, and thereby enhance productivity. This may    also help to improve filing efficiency for the slots when filled    with a nonmagnetic and conductive material (e.g., aluminum, copper,    etc.), by eliminating angular corners. This may also help to further    concentrate portions under magnetic saturation conditions. Hence,    the efficiency of motor performance may be further enhanced.

Embodiment 3

FIG. 14 to FIG. 17 illustrate a third embodiment. FIG. 14 is an enlargedpartial top view of the slot 3 of the rotor core 1 a formedapproximately in the shape of a triangle so that the width of a rotortooth 4 between adjacent slots 3 increases towards the center of therotor core 1 a. FIG. 15 is an enlarged partial top view of the rotorcore 1 a illustrating an outer peripheral portion (including the stator2). FIG. 16 is an enlarged partial top view of the slot 3 of the rotorcore 1 a formed approximately in the shape of a triangle so that thewidth of the rotor tooth 4 between adjacent slots 3 increases towardsthe center of the rotor core 1 a, as a variant example. FIG. 17 is anenlarged partial top view of the slot 3 of the rotor core 1 a formedapproximately in the shape of a triangle so that the width of the rotortooth 4 between adjacent slots 3 increases towards the center of therotor core 1 a, as a variant example.

FIG. 14 shows the slots 3 formed approximately in the shape of atriangle so that the width in the circumferential direction of the rotortooth 4 between adjacent slots 3 increases towards the center of therotor core 1 a. More specifically, a width in the circumferentialdirection J1 of the rotor tooth 4 on the peripheral side is narrowerthan a width in the circumferential direction J2 of the rotor tooth 4 onthe center side of the rotor core 1 a.

The slot 3 of FIG. 14 is formed so that width L of the bridge 8 betweenthe slot 3 and the outer peripheral edge of the rotor core 1 a is fixed.

As described in the first embodiment, the width in the circumferentialdirection of a part of the rotor tooth 4 may be reduced, and the widthin the circumferential direction of the other part of the rotor tooth 4may be increased. This may help to concentrate portions under magneticsaturation conditions, and thereby reduce magnetic saturation on theother part of the rotor tooth 4. This may prevent the entire rotor teeth4 from magnetic saturation. Magnetic saturation may be concentrated onlyon a part of the rotor tooth 4. Therefore, the length of a portion oflow magnetic permeability may be reduced, and consequently theefficiency of motor performance may be improved. As shown in FIG. 14,the width in the circumferential direction of the rotor tooth 4 may begradually increased towards the center of the rotor core 1 a. This mayallow the magnetic density of the rotor tooth 4 to be reduced towardsthe center of the rotor core 1 a, thereby distributing magneticsaturation. Hence, the efficiency of motor performance may be furtherimproved.

Additionally, the width in the radial direction L of the bridge 8between the rotor tooth 4 and the outer peripheral edge of the rotorcore 1 a may be fixed. This may help to reduce the amount of magneticflux leakage from the outer peripheral portion of the rotor core 1 a.This may contribute to a highly efficient operation.

FIG. 15 shows a case where a width in the circumferential direction K ofthe slot 3 on the outer peripheral side may be wider than the width inthe circumferential direction S of the slot opening of the slot 2 a ofthe stator 2. This may help to reduce the amount of magnetic fluxleakage (a portion of magnetic flux generated by the winding of thestator 2 that does not link to the slot 3 of the rotor 1). This maycontribute to an effective use of magnetic flux.

A portion having the fixed width in the radial direction L of the bridge8 may be wider than the width in the circumferential direction S of theslot opening of the stator 2. This may contribute to a further effectiveuse of magnetic flux.

FIG. 16 shows an effective example where the slots 3 of the rotor core 1a are modified by adding slot openings. The slot 3 of FIG. 16 is formedto add an opening 3 d to the top slot 3 a extending towards theperipheral edge of the rotor core 1 a.

The opening 3 d added to the slot 3 may help to reduce the amount ofmagnetic flux leakage (a portion of magnetic flux generated by thewinding of the stator 2 that does not link to the slot 3 of the rotor1). This may contribute to an effective use of magnetic flux. Hence, theefficiency of motor performance may be improved.

FIG. 17 shows a case where the slots 3 are formed to have roundedcorners at both ends on the outer peripheral side of the rotor core 1 awhile the slots 3 of FIG. 14 to FIG. 16 are formed with acute-angledcorners. The slots 3 of FIG. 17 may improve the punching performance ofa die, thereby enhancing productivity. Furthermore, the top slots 3 aand the middle slots 3 e with acute-angled corners on both sides maycause a difficulty in filling the slots 3 with a nonmagnetic andconductive material (e.g., aluminum, copper, etc.) at angular corners.The slots 3 with rounded corners may help to improve filling efficiencywithout angular corners.

As described earlier, the following effects may be observed according tothis embodiment.

-   (1) The slot 3 may be formed approximately in the shape of a    triangle so that the width of the rotor tooth 4 between adjacent    slots 3 increases towards the center of the rotor core 1 a.    Therefore, the width in the circumferential direction of the rotor    teeth 4 is gradually extended towards the center of the rotor core 1    a. Accordingly, the density of magnetic flux of the rotor teeth 4    may be reduced towards the center of the rotor core 1 a, thereby    distributing magnetic saturation. Hence, the efficiency of motor    performance may be enhanced.-   (2) The width in the radial direction L of the bridge 8 between the    rotor tooth 4 and the outer peripheral edge of the rotor core 1 a    may be fixed. This may help to reduce the amount of magnetic flux    leakage from the rotor core 1 a from the peripheral portion. Hence,    operation efficiency may be improved.-   (3) The width in the circumferential direction K of the slot 3 on    the outer peripheral side may be wider than the width in the    circumferential direction S of the slot opening of the slot 2 a of    the stator 2. This may help to reduce the amount of magnetic flux    leakage (a portion of magnetic flux generated by the winding of the    stator 2 that does not link to the slot 3 of the rotor 1). Hence,    magnetic flux may be used effectively.-   (4) The portion having the fixed width L in the radial direction of    the bridge 8 may be wider than the width in the circumferential    direction S of the slot opening of the stator 2. This may contribute    to a further effective use of magnetic flux.-   (5) The slot 3 formed to include the opening 3 d may help to reduce    the amount of magnetic flux leakage (a portion of magnetic flux    generated by the winding of the stator 2 that does not link to the    slot 3 of the rotor 1). This may contribute to an effective use of    magnetic flux. Hence, the efficiency of motor performance may be    improved.-   (6) The slot 3 with acute-angled corners may be modified to have    rounded corners on both sides on the outer peripheral side of the    rotor core 1 a. This may improve the punching performance of a die,    thereby enhancing productivity. This may also help to improve filing    efficiency for the slot 3 when filled with a nonmagnetic and    conductive material (e.g., aluminum, copper, etc.) without angular    corners. Additionally, this may also help to further concentrate    portions under magnetic saturation conditions. Hence, the efficiency    of motor performance may be further improved.

Embodiment 4

A single phase induction motor driven at a constant rate by a singlephase power source has locked-rotor torque smaller than a three phaseinduction motor. Therefore, there is a high demand for improvinglocked-rotor torque. Starting current is larger than rated current inthe case of an induction motor running at a constant rate. Therefore,the induction motor runs with the rotor teeth 4 under magneticsaturation conditions. The shapes of the slots 3 of the rotors 1described in the first embodiment to the third embodiment may contributeto concentrating magnetic saturation to the outer peripheral portion ofthe rotor core 1 a, thereby reducing magnetic saturation at the innerside of the rotor teeth 4 (the center side of the rotor core 1 a), andthereby improving locked-rotor torque. The shapes of the slots 3 of therotors 1 may therefore be effective on a single phase induction motor.

If an induction motor using any one of the rotors 1 described in thefirst embodiment to the third embodiment is used in a compressor, fan,etc., then the efficiency of the compressor, fan, etc. may be improved.If the compressor, fan, etc. is then used in an air conditioner, theefficiency of the air conditioner may be improved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 A cross section of a rotor 1 (including a stator 2) of aconventional induction motor 100 for the purpose of comparison.

FIG. 2 A perspective view of the rotor 1 of the conventional inductionmotor 100 where slots are filled with a nonmagnetic and conductivematerial (e.g., aluminum, copper, etc.) by die-casting or the like, andend rings are fitted at the end portions of the rotor 1, for the purposeof comparison.

FIG. 3 An enlarged peripheral top view of a slot 3 formed in the shapeof a T of a rotor core 1 a, according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 4 An enlarged partial top view of the slot 3 formed in the shape ofa double squirrel-cage, according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 An enlarged partial top view of the rotor core 1 a illustratingan outer peripheral portion (including the stator 2), according to thefirst embodiment.

FIG. 6 An enlarged partial top view of the slot 3 formed in the shape ofa double squirrel-cage, according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 An enlarged partial top view of the slot 3 formed in the shape ofa T of the rotor core 1 a, as a variant example, according to the firstembodiment.

FIG. 8 An enlarged partial top view of the slot 3 formed in the shape ofa double squirrel-cage, as a variant example, according to the firstembodiment.

FIG. 9 An enlarged partial top view of the slot 3 formed in the shape ofa double squirrel-cage for more detail, according to the firstembodiment.

FIG. 10 An enlarged partial top view of the slot 3 of the rotor core 1a, including a top slot, a middle slot, and a bottom slot, according toa second embodiment.

FIG. 11 An enlarged partial top view of the rotor core 1 a illustratingan outer peripheral portion (including the stator 2), according to thesecond embodiment.

FIG. 12 An enlarged partial top view of the slot 3 of the rotor core 1a, including a top slot, a middle slot and a bottom slot, as a variantexample, according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 13 An enlarged partial top view of the slot 3 of the rotor core 1a, including a top slot, a middle slot and a bottom slot, as anothervariant example, according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 14 An enlarged partial top view of the slot 3 of the rotor core 1 aformed approximately in the shape of a triangle so that the width of arotor tooth 4 between adjacent slots 3 increases towards the center ofthe rotor core 1 a, according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 15 An enlarged partial top view of the rotor core 1 a illustratingan outer peripheral portion (including the stator 2), according to thethird embodiment.

FIG. 16 An enlarged partial top view of the slot 3 of the rotor core 1 aformed approximately in the shape of a triangle so that the width of therotor tooth 4 between adjacent slots 3 increases towards the center ofthe rotor core 1 a, as a variant example, according to the thirdembodiment.

FIG. 17 An enlarged partial top view of the slot 3 of the rotor core 1 aformed approximately in the shape of a triangle so that the width of therotor tooth 4 between adjacent slots 3 increases towards the center ofthe rotor core 1 a, as a variant example, according to the thirdembodiment.

EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

-   1 rotor-   1 a rotor core-   2 stator-   2 a slot-   2 b teeth-   2 c core back-   3 slot-   3 a top slot-   3 b bottom slot-   3 c leakage slot-   3 d opening-   3 e middle slot-   4 rotor teeth-   6 shaft hole-   7 end ring-   8 bridge-   100 induction motor

The invention claimed is:
 1. An induction motor rotor comprising: arotor core with slots formed therein, and a squirrel-cage secondaryconductor including a nonmagnetic and conductive material filled in eachof the slots of the rotor core, wherein each of the slots includes a topslot arranged at an outer peripheral portion of the rotor core and abottom slot arranged on an inner side of the top slot, wherein each ofthe slots is formed so that a width in the circumferential direction ofthe top slot is wider than a width in the circumferential direction ofthe bottom slot, wherein each of the slots is formed so that a width inthe circumferential direction of a rotor tooth between adjacent topslots is narrower than a width in the circumferential direction of therotor tooth between adjacent bottom slots, wherein each of the slots isformed to include a leakage slot between the top slot and the bottomslot, wherein each of the slots is formed so that a width in thecircumferential direction of the rotor tooth between adjacent leakageslots is wider than the width in the circumferential direction of therotor tooth between the adjacent top slots and wider than the width inthe circumferential direction of the adjacent bottom slots, wherein therotor core is formed to layer electromagnetic steel sheets, and whereina width in the radial direction of the leakage slot is substantiallyequal to the thickness of an electromagnetic steel sheet.
 2. Theinduction motor rotor according to claim 1, wherein A is defined as awidth in the radial direction of the top slot, B is defined as a widthin the radial direction of the bottom slot, and A<0.5B.
 3. The inductionmotor rotor according to claim 1, wherein A is defined as a width in theradial direction of the top slot, C is defined as the width in thecircumferential direction of the top slot, and A<0.5C.
 4. The inductionmotor rotor according to claim 1 further comprising: a bridge betweenthe top slot and the outer edge of the rotor core; wherein a width inthe radial direction of the bridge is approximately fixed.
 5. Theinduction motor rotor according to claim 1, wherein the width in thecircumferential direction of the top slot is wider than a width in thecircumferential direction of an opening formed on an inner peripheralportion of a slot of a stator.
 6. The induction motor rotor according toclaim 1, wherein the slot of the rotor core includes an opening thatopens to outside at the outer edge of the rotor core.
 7. An inductionmotor comprising the induction motor rotor according to claim
 1. 8. Acompressor comprising the induction motor according to claim
 7. 9. A fancomprising the induction motor according to claim
 7. 10. An airconditioner comprising the compressor according to claim 6.